Researchers have studied the Evolution of reproductive
Our mode of reproduction is associated with some health risks and yet, many different organisms have developed this reproductive method in the course of Evolution. The question is, where are the evolutionary advantages of this type of Fort is planting. The results of a new study suggest, however, that this Form of reproduction, protects against certain types of cancer.
In the current investigation, the Université de Montpellier and the University of Tasmania, it was found that our way seems to be to protect the planting against certain types of cancer. The results of the study were published in the English scientific journal “PLOS Biology”.
Advantages of asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction requires no Partner, therefore, it is much faster and easier. It requires less expenditure of energy, and would be on the people, it is much cheaper, because any costs in finding a Partner. However, there are several reasons which speak for a sexual reproduction. It includes two parents and thus prevents the transmission of harmful gene mutations. It also helps you to resistance against pathogens and parasites to build up.
Why do so many organisms have sexual reproduction?
The new study addressed the question of why 99 percent of the eukaryotes, prefer sexual reproduction. The researchers argue that they could stop the so-called Cheater cells or transferable cancer cells. In some animals, including dogs, Tasmanian devils and certain shells, there are rare transmissible cancers. Cheater cells are endangering the Rest of a cell population by exploiting the community of cells for a selfish purpose, explain the researchers.
Risks of asexual reproduction
Many organisms have developed so that cancer is prevented. This is done by using processes such as those of the immune system. However, in order to survive and to multiply, had to fight the first multicellular organisms, both internal Cheater cells as well as infectious malignant cells from the outside. Because asexual reproduction produces identical organisms, increases the risk of transmissible cancers affected, say the authors of the study.
Advantages of sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction not only reduces the likelihood that an organism gets an infection, but also that this infection will pass on to his children. It is also less likely that communicable types of cancer are the cells of their host to be compatible, if they were sexually produced. This could contribute to the immune system detects harmful intruders faster and kills. The high prevalence of sexual reproduction in nature can be indirectly suggests that the selective forces behind the Evolution of sex, must be very strong, explain the researchers.
Sexual reproduction increases the Survival of offspring
As processes, the tumors in multicellular organisms are ubiquitous, and the possible transmission routes for invaders are many and varied, seems to be the Evolution to favour sexual reproduction in order to create, in spite of the risks associated with viable offspring life with improved probability of Survival, according to the authors. They hope that the findings from the current research contribute to pave the way for the study of the underestimated role of so-called oncogenic processes in shaping the biology, Ecology and Evolution of their multicellular hosts.
Sex was in the course of Evolution, very beneficial
Another study of the Institute for Biophysics at the University of Cologne found now on the basis of model calculations that a asexual reproduction wears the basic cell machinery more than it actually was accepted. This is one reason why Sex in the course of Evolution as particularly advantageous has proved to be, report the researchers in a press release of the study results. Mutations in the reproduction without sexual intercourse have a much more negative impact than previously was known. Most organisms reproduce by Sex, which leads to a combination of two genomes to form a new individual.
Sexual reproduction can repair the wear and tear of cells
In the study, particularly the physics was analyzed within bacterial cells. Proteins and their biochemical processes are the basis of cells to life. Proteins perform in cells of different tasks, such as transporting molecules, catalyzing chemical reactions, and recognize signal substances. The study should find out, what are the effects of mutations in genes of cells on the wear have. The results were clear: A asexual reproduction increased with the abrasion effect of the Mutation by a multiple, when compared with previously created models of Evolution. Sexual reproduction can repair even the wear and tear of the cells. For this, the genes of both parents are combined, explain the researchers.
Better understanding leads to optimized therapies
Cancer cells develop during the life of the people. These dangerous cells, not combine your genome, but it is new. In other words: These cells reproduce entirely without Sex. If such processes are better understood, this also leads to a better understanding of the weaknesses of cancer cells in the reproduction. This could in the future lead to improved therapies against cancer. The results of the investigation of the research teams of the University of Cologne are described in the English scientific journal “Nature Communications”. (as)